You don't need to know a typeface's history to choose well. Five ideas do most of the work.
- What kind of face it is
- Most typefaces fall into a few kinds. Serif faces have small strokes at the ends of their letters and read as established, bookish or formal. Sans serifs have none and read as modern and plain. Geometric sans are drawn from circles and straight lines, humanist faces keep the shape of a pen, and didones swing between hairlines and heavy strokes. Slab serifs have square, sturdy feet, monospaced faces give every letter the same width, and hand-lettered and script faces look written. The kind of face says a lot before anyone has read a word.
- Pair by contrast
- Two faces that are almost alike look like a mistake. Pair them by difference instead: a serif heading over a sans body, a heavy heading over a light one, a narrow face beside a round one. One face sets the tone and the other does the reading. Two is plenty. One family in two weights is a pairing too, and often the safest.
- Scale and hierarchy
- A visitor should see at a glance what matters most. Headings get size, weight or both, and each level down should be clearly smaller, not a point or two. Making each step about a quarter bigger than the one below is a good place to start. Capitals and wider letter spacing make a short heading look important without making it big, but keep them to a few words.
- Line length and line height
- Between 50 and 75 characters is a comfortable line to read. Longer, and the eye loses its place on the way back; shorter, and reading turns choppy. Body text wants a line height of about 1.5 to 1.7. Headings want much less, around 1.1, or their lines drift apart and stop looking like one thought.
- What fonts cost, and why we host them
- Every face is a file your visitor downloads before the text looks right, and each weight and style is another, which matters most on a phone. So we keep to two families, use variable fonts where they exist (one file for every weight), and send only the Latin characters. We serve the files from our own server rather than Google's, so no visitor's address goes to anyone else just to draw a letter, and our site's security policy lets fonts load from nowhere else. Every face here is under an open license, free to use on your site for good.